The picture is what i feel like is what the West is. It wold be like this because it would not include any of the "eastern" side of the world, The West is the imperalist countries with colonies around the world. Also this part of the world is consider more "develop" the others. Geographically the area is consider the West due the fact that people in the East saw the people as the "West".
Read p. 673- 678 - and 690 - 695 Outline notes
Bouncing Back?
WWI => Large war deaths amount, inflation, increases of taxes
Germany created a new republic even with the payments place on Germany because of the War
cubist movement: Artistic creativity movement led by Pablo Picasso with the spread of modern art with the use of geometrical shapes
advancements in science and the important work of Albert Einstein
new consumer items(radios) => middle class women to go to nightclubs, smokings => eventually it led to women being able to work in Germany, Great Britain, USA, and Turkey
economy did not regain its past power
Other Industrial Centers
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand gain rewards for participation in WWI; Australia became independent
US work systems were changing with the use of assembly lines
the spread of Jazz, the spread of the "Red Scare", the refusal to enter the League of Nations
Japan enter a new world of industrialization where agricultural work is advancing with the use of fertilizers and mechanical equipment
Military in Japan was trained separately but reports back to the emperor however the military grew suspicious of the growing consumerism in Japan
New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism
In 1919, a former socialism and former solder Benito Mussolini created the union for struggle where as an Italian fascist would use ideas that would combine bother capitalism and socialism
Fascism is an aggressive nationalistic foreign policy to take land, began in the 19th century where groups use authoritarian leadership to shower their nationalist values instead of a capitalist nation
1922: working class had divisions in it and then the King called Mussolini to create a new government
1926: under Mussolini rule he banned elections
The New Nations of East Central Europe
In east central Europe during the 1920s Authoritarian regimes were growing but the nations could not maintain economic difficulties
Bitter rivalries in small eastern European states were weak economically and diplomatically
political patterns => social tension => 1930s - Depression => peasants lived in hunger and poverty
The Great Depression MI:
turmoil because of WWI -> global depression
Great Depression: stock markets drop in 1929 in New York
Causation
MI
during the 1920s the war demand a large food supply => lower prices
post war: Europe and NA borrow a lot to buy new equipment
people were moving away from the country side -> hard to keep the high demand of manufactured goods
in France and Germany the economic seem to recovered from loans from US
the demand of food was to high compared to the production of food => weaken Western economy
Debt became an ongoing trend to try to and fix everything
The Debacle
MI:
Responses to the Depression in Western Europe
MI:
The New Deal
MI:
The Rise of Nazism
Depression => fascist regime
movements for fascism was to to destroy the corruption and class conflict of Western capitalism
movements usually never promised social reforms but it did help the people to go against the Western ideals
National Socialist or Nazi a regime created in Germany under Adolf Hitler was a group that was committed to change liberal, democratic,political forms
Hitler emphasized the ideas of how bad the parliamentary politics and people saw this as guidance during the bad times they were facing
Hitler promise to go bad to old traditional ways; the Nazis became the hope during the time of the Depression
totalitarian state: a new kind of government that would show direct control over the people and what they do; Everything is control by the government
Gestapo: secret police arrested thousands of people that was on the opposing political parties
Hitler hated the idea of Jews and blame them on the misfortunes
Hitler also prepared for the War so they could gain back their land
The Spread of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War
MI: The idea of Fascism spread into Italy where new types of leaders were put in place.
Nazi continue to triumph in Germany where the land was spreading with the union of Austria and Germany in 1938
1935 - Mussolini attacked Ethiopia to avenge Italy's previous failure to conquer ancient land; this was condemned by the League of Nations
Spanish Civil War: forces supporting a parliamentary republic plus social reform feuded since 1931 with advocates if a military-backed authoritarian state
Spanish military was ruled by General Francisco Franco where they won in 1939 but maintain the use of authoritarian state
Economic and Political Changes in Latin America
1920s&1930s: middle class enter politics in Latin America
ideology of liberalism was a series of ideas suited to the realities of Latin America of large population, and increasing industrialization
Latin America was thought to be going no where => social change and reforms to education and the formation of communist parties
Old and New Causes of Second World War MI: On the journey to the second world war was the continued idea of nationalism and the effects from the previous war.
1920s: national forces in China gain power to rule the politics world
Guomindang( Nationalist) party, General Chiang Kai-shek was the head of the party won support from a large group of people to use his military successes to unify China by defeating northern warlords
success of China => Japanese worried that the China would too strong => Japanese taking over Manchuria in 1931
Together Hitler and Mussolini use the Spanish Civil War to create an allied regime, the area was use for training ground => Franco's destruction of the government
The Soviets only help the Spanish when in need, yet Franco refused to join the world war
Unchecked Aggression and the coming of War in Europe and the Pacific MI:
WWI began on September 1, 1939
Axis power linkages: Berlin, Rome, Tokyo
Winston Churchill saw that the war was inevitable but people feared Churchill would create welfare states to cure the economy
1937: Manchukuo launched an invasion in China that cause a fire fighting between Japanese and Chinese
By end 1938 the Japanese has taken over most of the coastal cities in China including Shanghai and Nanjing => Chinese retreating back into the country instead of around the coast
Nazi military advisors had help Guomindang officers training to keep Japanese invasions contained
1939: Germany sign nonagression pact with Stalin
The Conduct of a Second Global War
Anglo-American and Soviet alliance was more powerful against the Axis powers
Nazi Blizkeieg, Stalemate, and the long retreat MI:
Rapid collapse was due to the weak and divided leadership => most of France was part of Germany's control by 1940
Vichy: city part of Nazi puppet regime to be in charge of all of the offenses
Battle of Britain: Nazis attempt on gaining control of the British Isles but with Churchill and his cabinet they use strong air tactics to fight against the attacks
By mid 1941 the Germans had control most of Europe and continue to control the south and east because of the defiance from the British
1941: Nazis took over Ukraine => cheaper labor and oil resources
Russian resistance got stronger but the harsh winters caught German forces unprepared
As Germans continue to invade Russia, they continue to fail
1943-1944: Red armies went to Nazi forces defeating them and it was the beginning of their slow retreat
From Persecution to Genocide: Hitler's War Against the Jews
Holocaust: Genocidal orgy where about 12 million people were murdered because of the Nazi "removal" of Jewish, Gypsies, leftist politicians, homosexuals. This began with the Armenian massacres in 1915. Zionist leaders in Palestine sought to see that they needed somewhere else to live.
Anglo-American Offensives, Encirclement, and the End of the 12-year Reich
The British was no able to provide much help because they were too concern with their own problems
Mussolini and the last of his many mistresses was captured and shot by citizens => handed upside on a lamppost near Lake Bellagio
Battle of Bulge: winter of 1944-1945 Armies invaded Germany from the west, while the Red armies invaded from the east
Together the Americans and Russians who together to take over each camp
April 30 - Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin bunk => in less than two weeks the German military surrendered
The Rise and fall of the Japanese Empire in the Pacific War
Japan had been fighting in the major war on the Chinese mainland
1/3 of Japan soldiers was used on the Chinese
Japanese captured Hong Kong, Malaya, Burma, Dutch East Indies, Philippines
Even though the size of the capture land was high the military was in desperate needs for food and materials
Food and materials that were sent to Japan => resistance movements in Burma and Philippines
Resistance fighters work together with the British to stop shipping from coming in
1944: Americans sank a large amount of food that was use to be ship to Japan
Battle of Coral Sea: United States naval fight of Japan
In June 1944 off Midway Islands the Americans won against Admiral Yamamoto who was head of the Pearl Harbor attack
March 1945: General Certis Le May sent out a series of bombs on Tokyo cities => deaths of 125000 people that were mostly civilians
Summer 1945: Japanese were sending out peace feelings
War's End and the Emergence of the Super power Standoff
United Nations(UN) international organization that would create peace, and a place to plan and finance
UN was use to negotiate international problems and destroy any world powers
From Hot War to Cold War
Tehran Conference: 1944 conference to decided on the invasion of Nazi-occupied France however Britain decided separately on Soviet taking control on smaller countries on Eastern Europe while USA resisted this idea
Yalta Conference: 1945, In Soviet Crimea FDR decided with the Soviets that they would get land in Manchuria and northern Japanese islands. However when trying to divide Germany up USA wanted to keep the land Democratic but Stalin liberated Poland which was against the agreed terms
Final Post War Conference took place in Potsdam in July 1945. Russian forces had already taken over half of Europe and Eastern Germany.
Treaty decided on diving land between USA and Russia was to the country of Austria
Korea was also divided by USA
Soviet Union continue to spread eastward where most of the land that was taken control in WWI was control by the Soviets
>Future trends: decolonization and the issues between USA and Soviet Union
Read chapter 31p.732 - 750
What were the major effects of decolonization post WWII on Europe?
Western governments continue to interact witht he colonies culturally
European governments also intervene in the resources for trade
France and Britain were losing all their colonies => they both tried to stop independence movements in Eygpt in 1956
How did the Cold War divide Europe? What were the implications of this division?
Cold War: riviary between United States and Soviet Union
Soviets had taken over the "eastern bloc" of Europe that includes Poland, Bolgaria, Romanina, and more on the Eastern side
Communist ideas spreading outside of Europe into Asian and Middle East
Division of Germany - Soviets taking East
West moves into East Germany to promote economic recovery -> Russian blockade -> Western Airlift of supplies and food
National Atlantic Treat Organization(NATO): form in 1949 to create an alliance among the West European nations, Canada, and United States against Soviet Agression - to contain communism
Warsaw Pact: alliances with the Soviets
Soviets in 1949 were able to use nuclear weapons
1958: France withdrew from NATO
Why did European governments move towards Liberal Democracies?
political reforms push European government towards Liberal Democracies => change
new consitution to avoid mistakes from Germany
To have a democratic government instead of a facist, authoritariuan government
What was the welfare state? Why did they develop? what were the issues?
Welfare state: Welfare state is an economic politcy created to deal with the economic problemns after World War II. It was developed to fight off economic ineqality to include medical prgrams and economic planning
welfare state => reware lower class for their loyalty
issues: insurance, family assistance, government housing, government funding
Trace growing diplomatic relationships within Europe
British created the British Conservative Party ;
NATO encouraged Western Germany participating in the group, along with "Low countries" and Italy
European union: single economic group between West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
France and Germany debates over agricultural policy
Outline economic development in Europe
tarrifs were reducing within the union
1992: creation of the Euro
welfare state and European Union => economic growth
mid 1950s : Agricultural production and productivity increase because of new equipment and needs, food production usually meets right amount with enough to spare to trade
European products include: textiles, metallurgical products, automobiles, appliances, weapon
During the 1960s the overall growth rate in gross national product surpassed the rates of the USA
In France, Germany, Italy the economy was growing where growth rates depend on rapid technological change however the peasant population was dropping where their role in society was fill in the "leisure industry" of teachers, clerks, etc
Europe, USA, gain a large influx of immigrants from Asia, Middle East and parts of Africa
New spending money => vacations
Immigrant works from Turkey, north Africa, Pakistan, and the West Indies suffer from low wages and unstable employment. label as "guest workers"
Outline the post war development of the non-European West (Excluding the United States)
the decrease of power in Western Europe lead to stronger links between Australia, New Zealand, and Canada with the United States
Canada began to develop with it copy the welfare state idea to get health care and insurance
free trade agreement was sign between USA and Canada when Canada gain a sense of nationalism
Canada began to get involved with growing French Canadians in Quebec where new separatist party was founded in 1967 and took control of the provincial government
Australia and New Zealand moved away from Great Britain control and traded more with the Japanese where they got a large amount of raw-materials => immigration of Asians into Australia and New Zealand
1951: Australia, New Zealand sign a defense pact with USA that they would fight against any Communism threat in the Pacific
Explain the growing role of the United States in world affairs The United States saw it as their role to keep Communist ideals contain internationally.
The United States were trying to keep Communist/ Soviet borders moving in
1947: Harry Truman put off doctrine that goes against the communist pressures on Greece and Turkey; extension of the Marshall plan
The United States help the communist North from invaded into South Korea in the beginning of the 1950s
1947: CIA was formed
United States were unable to keep Cuba contain when Cuba went into Communism
US Air Force bomb communist North Vietnam in 1965 just to try and contain it under the US containment policy
US President Richard Nixon wanted to expand the war in other places around Asian however when USA retreat in 1975 Vietnam became fully communist
President Ronald Reagan used domestic policies and military spending to keep USA "tall" in world affairs; weapon productions were use to keep Soviets "in tact" and "to keep pace"
President George Bush use interventionist policy to send troops into Panama to get rid of the current dictator and create a moderate Arab alliance
Trace developments for women in the post war West
After WWII it brought on new jobs => women being able to work => higher education for women => more and more women wanted to work
Even with the growing amount of jobs for women the pay did lagged behind men
women were gaining rights to vote; in France women were able to vote; 1971: Switzerland allow women rights
women usually stay out of the science, engineering, and management fields
Women were gaining ways to stay away from unpredicted pregnancies with birth control
Middle Class women had the lowest birth rate due to the want to work
Women was gaining legal freedoms and families were readjusting; 1961: 9% of all British marriages were being ended by divorce
increase of growing feminist protest against limitations on women's activities and improvement of work and child care
new feminism: a new wave of women rights to create equality in the role for women
feminism meant the growing individuality and work identity women
Outline cultural developments in Europe.
In the USA, the universities expanded to push for scientific research with new wealth => cutting edge research
Europeans also contributed to the advanced in science while James Watson gain credit to discovering the structure of DNA
Continuation of Modern Art => Paris Bernard Buffet sculpted abstract figures; Henry Moore created rounded figures and outright abstractions that show wartimes
Films were becoming more intense such as Swedish Ignmar Bergman produced a series of dark psychological drama
French contribute to change of historical study and European influence was greater in new theoretical formulas
The increase of US "Coca-cola" and blue jeans" and US films became somewhat influential
Britain was making use of popular fashions that separate between social groups
In Britain, Holland, and Denmark, sex shops was full of erotic materials and products
sexual behavior -> premarital sex became more common and average age of sexual intercourse decrease , "nude" become a trending topic
The picture is what i feel like is what the West is. It wold be like this because it would not include any of the "eastern" side of the world,
The West is the imperalist countries with colonies around the world. Also this part of the world is consider more "develop" the others. Geographically
the area is consider the West due the fact that people in the East saw the people as the "West".
Read p. 673- 678 - and 690 - 695 Outline notes
Bouncing Back?
Other Industrial Centers
- Canada, Australia, and New Zealand gain rewards for participation in WWI; Australia became independent
- US work systems were changing with the use of assembly lines
- the spread of Jazz, the spread of the "Red Scare", the refusal to enter the League of Nations
- Japan enter a new world of industrialization where agricultural work is advancing with the use of fertilizers and mechanical equipment
- Military in Japan was trained separately but reports back to the emperor however the military grew suspicious of the growing consumerism in Japan
New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism- In 1919, a former socialism and former solder Benito Mussolini created the union for struggle where as an Italian fascist would use ideas that would combine bother capitalism and socialism
- Fascism is an aggressive nationalistic foreign policy to take land, began in the 19th century where groups use authoritarian leadership to shower their nationalist values instead of a capitalist nation
- 1922: working class had divisions in it and then the King called Mussolini to create a new government
- 1926: under Mussolini rule he banned elections
The New Nations of East Central Europe- In east central Europe during the 1920s Authoritarian regimes were growing but the nations could not maintain economic difficulties
- Bitter rivalries in small eastern European states were weak economically and diplomatically
- political patterns => social tension => 1930s - Depression => peasants lived in hunger and poverty
The Great DepressionMI:
- turmoil because of WWI -> global depression
- Great Depression: stock markets drop in 1929 in New York
CausationMI
- during the 1920s the war demand a large food supply => lower prices
- post war: Europe and NA borrow a lot to buy new equipment
- people were moving away from the country side -> hard to keep the high demand of manufactured goods
- in France and Germany the economic seem to recovered from loans from US
- the demand of food was to high compared to the production of food => weaken Western economy
- Debt became an ongoing trend to try to and fix everything
The DebacleMI:
Responses to the Depression in Western Europe
MI:
The New Deal
MI:
The Rise of Nazism
- Depression => fascist regime
- movements for fascism was to to destroy the corruption and class conflict of Western capitalism
- movements usually never promised social reforms but it did help the people to go against the Western ideals
- National Socialist or Nazi a regime created in Germany under Adolf Hitler was a group that was committed to change liberal, democratic,political forms
- Hitler emphasized the ideas of how bad the parliamentary politics and people saw this as guidance during the bad times they were facing
- Hitler promise to go bad to old traditional ways; the Nazis became the hope during the time of the Depression
- totalitarian state: a new kind of government that would show direct control over the people and what they do; Everything is control by the government
- Gestapo: secret police arrested thousands of people that was on the opposing political parties
- Hitler hated the idea of Jews and blame them on the misfortunes
- Hitler also prepared for the War so they could gain back their land
The Spread of Fascism and the Spanish Civil WarMI: The idea of Fascism spread into Italy where new types of leaders were put in place.
- Nazi continue to triumph in Germany where the land was spreading with the union of Austria and Germany in 1938
- 1935 - Mussolini attacked Ethiopia to avenge Italy's previous failure to conquer ancient land; this was condemned by the League of Nations
- Spanish Civil War: forces supporting a parliamentary republic plus social reform feuded since 1931 with advocates if a military-backed authoritarian state
- Spanish military was ruled by General Francisco Franco where they won in 1939 but maintain the use of authoritarian state
Economic and Political Changes in Latin AmericaOld and New Causes of Second World War
MI: On the journey to the second world war was the continued idea of nationalism and the effects from the previous war.
- 1920s: national forces in China gain power to rule the politics world
- Guomindang( Nationalist) party, General Chiang Kai-shek was the head of the party won support from a large group of people to use his military successes to unify China by defeating northern warlords
- success of China => Japanese worried that the China would too strong => Japanese taking over Manchuria in 1931
- Together Hitler and Mussolini use the Spanish Civil War to create an allied regime, the area was use for training ground => Franco's destruction of the government
- The Soviets only help the Spanish when in need, yet Franco refused to join the world war
Unchecked Aggression and the coming of War in Europe and the PacificMI:
- WWI began on September 1, 1939
- Axis power linkages: Berlin, Rome, Tokyo
- Winston Churchill saw that the war was inevitable but people feared Churchill would create welfare states to cure the economy
- 1937: Manchukuo launched an invasion in China that cause a fire fighting between Japanese and Chinese
- By end 1938 the Japanese has taken over most of the coastal cities in China including Shanghai and Nanjing => Chinese retreating back into the country instead of around the coast
- Nazi military advisors had help Guomindang officers training to keep Japanese invasions contained
- 1939: Germany sign nonagression pact with Stalin
The Conduct of a Second Global War- Anglo-American and Soviet alliance was more powerful against the Axis powers
Nazi Blizkeieg, Stalemate, and the long retreatMI:
- Rapid collapse was due to the weak and divided leadership => most of France was part of Germany's control by 1940
- Vichy: city part of Nazi puppet regime to be in charge of all of the offenses
- Battle of Britain: Nazis attempt on gaining control of the British Isles but with Churchill and his cabinet they use strong air tactics to fight against the attacks
- By mid 1941 the Germans had control most of Europe and continue to control the south and east because of the defiance from the British
- 1941: Nazis took over Ukraine => cheaper labor and oil resources
- Russian resistance got stronger but the harsh winters caught German forces unprepared
- As Germans continue to invade Russia, they continue to fail
- 1943-1944: Red armies went to Nazi forces defeating them and it was the beginning of their slow retreat
From Persecution to Genocide: Hitler's War Against the Jews- Holocaust: Genocidal orgy where about 12 million people were murdered because of the Nazi "removal" of Jewish, Gypsies, leftist politicians, homosexuals. This began with the Armenian massacres in 1915. Zionist leaders in Palestine sought to see that they needed somewhere else to live.
Anglo-American Offensives, Encirclement, and the End of the 12-year Reich- The British was no able to provide much help because they were too concern with their own problems
- Mussolini and the last of his many mistresses was captured and shot by citizens => handed upside on a lamppost near Lake Bellagio
- Battle of Bulge: winter of 1944-1945 Armies invaded Germany from the west, while the Red armies invaded from the east
- Together the Americans and Russians who together to take over each camp
- April 30 - Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin bunk => in less than two weeks the German military surrendered
The Rise and fall of the Japanese Empire in the Pacific War- Japan had been fighting in the major war on the Chinese mainland
- 1/3 of Japan soldiers was used on the Chinese
- Japanese captured Hong Kong, Malaya, Burma, Dutch East Indies, Philippines
- Even though the size of the capture land was high the military was in desperate needs for food and materials
- Food and materials that were sent to Japan => resistance movements in Burma and Philippines
- Resistance fighters work together with the British to stop shipping from coming in
- 1944: Americans sank a large amount of food that was use to be ship to Japan
- Battle of Coral Sea: United States naval fight of Japan
- In June 1944 off Midway Islands the Americans won against Admiral Yamamoto who was head of the Pearl Harbor attack
- March 1945: General Certis Le May sent out a series of bombs on Tokyo cities => deaths of 125000 people that were mostly civilians
- Summer 1945: Japanese were sending out peace feelings
War's End and the Emergence of the Super power Standoff- United Nations(UN) international organization that would create peace, and a place to plan and finance
- UN was use to negotiate international problems and destroy any world powers
From Hot War to Cold War- Tehran Conference: 1944 conference to decided on the invasion of Nazi-occupied France however Britain decided separately on Soviet taking control on smaller countries on Eastern Europe while USA resisted this idea
- Yalta Conference: 1945, In Soviet Crimea FDR decided with the Soviets that they would get land in Manchuria and northern Japanese islands. However when trying to divide Germany up USA wanted to keep the land Democratic but Stalin liberated Poland which was against the agreed terms
- Final Post War Conference took place in Potsdam in July 1945. Russian forces had already taken over half of Europe and Eastern Germany.
- Treaty decided on diving land between USA and Russia was to the country of Austria
- Korea was also divided by USA
- Soviet Union continue to spread eastward where most of the land that was taken control in WWI was control by the Soviets
>Future trends: decolonization and the issues between USA and Soviet UnionRead chapter 31p.732 - 750
What were the major effects of decolonization post WWII on Europe?
How did the Cold War divide Europe? What were the implications of this division?
Why did European governments move towards Liberal Democracies?
What was the welfare state? Why did they develop? what were the issues?
Trace growing diplomatic relationships within Europe
Outline economic development in Europe
- tarrifs were reducing within the union
- 1992: creation of the Euro
- welfare state and European Union => economic growth
- mid 1950s : Agricultural production and productivity increase because of new equipment and needs, food production usually meets right amount with enough to spare to trade
- European products include: textiles, metallurgical products, automobiles, appliances, weapon
- During the 1960s the overall growth rate in gross national product surpassed the rates of the USA
- In France, Germany, Italy the economy was growing where growth rates depend on rapid technological change however the peasant population was dropping where their role in society was fill in the "leisure industry" of teachers, clerks, etc
- Europe, USA, gain a large influx of immigrants from Asia, Middle East and parts of Africa
- New spending money => vacations
- Immigrant works from Turkey, north Africa, Pakistan, and the West Indies suffer from low wages and unstable employment. label as "guest workers"
Outline the post war development of the non-European West (Excluding the United States)Explain the growing role of the United States in world affairs
The United States saw it as their role to keep Communist ideals contain internationally.
Trace developments for women in the post war West
Outline cultural developments in Europe.